Turkey’s largest city is like no other in the world- it spans two continents, Asia and Europe, and is a lovely mix of cultures and people. The city-scape is dotted with exquisite monuments dating back to the Ottoman and Byzantine eras. The Blue Mosque is one of Istanbul’s most famous attractions. With multiple minarets, tiled interiors and stained glass windows, it is not to be missed. The Hippodrome, one of the most famous areas in Byzantine Constantinople, is located here as well. The Topkapi Palace is the famed house of sultans, known for colourful tales of its previous occupants. The Bosphorous is the strait between the European and the Asian sides of Istanbul, and is lined with many attractions like palaces, ruins, villages, and beautiful gardens. The Galata Tower, Rumeli Fortress and Ciragan Palace are just some of the many attractions that are worth a visit here.
The capital city of Turkey and second largest after Istanbul, Ankara is a commercial hub, having recently also emerged as a tourist spot. This is one of the few cities in Turkey that has a largely European appearance, dotted with museums and gardens. Of these, the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations holds an interesting display of artefacts from many civilizations, like the Neolithic, Bronze Age, and also the Greek and Roman. The Anit Kabir is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern day Turkey is a must visit to truly understand the history and legacy of this nation. The Locomotive Museum and Museum of Ethnography are interesting visits as well. The Roman Baths offer a stunning view into 3rd century architecture. The sprawling ruin clearly highlights the layout, with a dressing room, cold room, warm room and hot room. The Ankara Citadel is located atop a hill in the old city, and has an inner and outer castle made of marble.
If you/’/ve dreamt of setting foot on the moon, look no further than Cappadocia. With its unique lunar-like landscape, this settlement is built on the lava-covered plain located between the volcanic mountains Erciyes, Melendiz and Hasan. The city is a natural wonder with its houses burrowed into stone cliffs. The entire city is built underground, with upto eight levels below the surface. The Goreme Open Air Museum is a cluster of rock-cut Byzantine churches, chapels and monasteries. Of these, the Karanlik Kilise is a church filled with beautiful frescoes. The Gumusler Monastery is a spectacular sight, carved into the rock and housing many preserved frescoes. Visit the winery and the Refectory, take a walk around the town exploring the old Greek houses in Sinasos, and don’t miss out on exploring the underground cities of Kaymakli and Derinkuyu.
Pamukkale, also known as Cotton Castle, is the spa town of Turkey. Calcium carbonate deposits have formed unique travertine formations of pure white, giving the town a cottony appearance. Water from hot springs has formed natural pools amidst these formations, and this water is warm and rich in natural minerals. Said to have medicinal and healing properties, bathing in these springs is considered to be the equivalent of a day at the spa. Amongst other things to do here, a visit to Hierapolis ruins is well worth your time. The ruin fuses Roman, Jewish and Christian elements and is spread across several acres. Also visit the Plutonium, a spring adjoining a ruined Byzantine church and the foundations of the Temple of Apollo. The spring bubbles and is said to give out poisonous vapours. The Roman amphitheater of Hierapolis, capable of seating 12000 people, is still not in complete ruins, and worth a visit.
Izmir, on the western coast of the Aegean Sea, is a busy port city and a rapidly growing commercial hub. The city is a lovely combination of a coastline backed with mountains. The Konak Square in the city’s centre has the defining Clock Tower (Saat Kulesi), the symbol if Izmir. The Kadifekale or "Velvet Fortress", according to the legend was built after Alexander the Great, who defeated the Persians and then arrived at Izmir. It is an old castle atop a hill. The Asansor (Elevator) runs up the length of the hill, helping locals get to their destinations on top. The Archaeology museum and Ethnography museum are worth a visit as well. Take a walk down the ruins of the Agora, an ancient marketplace with columns reminiscent of Roman architecture.
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